Antioxidant Supplements

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People are able to synthesize certain vitamins to some extent. For example, vitamin D is produced when the skin is exposed to sunlight, niacin can be synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan, and vitamin K and biotin be synthesized by bacteria living in the gut.

If a vitamin is in short supply or not in a position to be used correctly, a certain deficiency syndrome results. If the lack of vitamin is replenished before any irreversible damage to the signs and symptoms are reversed. The amounts of vitamins in foods and the amounts needed on a daily basis, measured in milligrams and micrograms.

In contrast to the macronutrients, vitamins, this does not serve as an energy source for the body or raw materials for tissue building. Rather, they claim, in support of energy production reactions and to facilitate metabolic and physiological processes throughout the body. Vitamin A, for example, for embryonic development, growth, reproduction, proper immune system function and integrity of the epithelial cells, required in addition to its role in vision.

The B vitamins function as coenzymes that support for energy metabolism; folic acid (folate) , one of the B vitamins, helps prevent birth defects in the early stages of pregnancy . Vitamin C plays a role in the development of connective tissue as well as an antioxidant a , which helps to protect against damage from reactive molecules (free radicals). is now regarded as hormone, vitamin D in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and bone metabolism involved.

Vitamin E , another antioxidant, protects against free radical damage in lipid systems and Vitamin K plays an important role in blood clotting. Although vitamins are often discussed separately, many of their functions are interrelated and a deficiency of one may affect the function of the other.

Vitamin Nomenclature is a bit complex, with chemical names gradually replaced the original letter designations in the era of vitamin discovery created during the first half of the 20th Century. Nomenclature is the realization that vitamins with parts of families, are complicated in some cases more active forms. Some vitamins are in foods purchased in pre-press, which are activated in the body before they can properly fulfill its function must be found. For example, Beta (?)-carotene , found in plants, vitamin A is converted in the body.

The 13 vitamins known to be required of the people are classified into two groups according to their solubility. The four fat-soluble vitamins (soluble in nonpolar solvents ) are vitamins A, D, E and K. Although now known to behave like a hormone, which activated form of vitamin D, vitamin D-hormone (calcitriol) is still with the vitamins. grouped

The nine water-soluble vitamins (soluble in polar solvents) are vitamin C and the eight B vitamins: thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B 6 , folic acid, vitamin B 12 , pantothenic acid , and biotin. choline is a vitamin-like dietary component that is clearly required for normal metabolism, but that can be synthesized by the body. Although choline may, in the diet of premature infants may be necessary and people with certain medical conditions, it has not been so important in human nutrition established throughout life.

Different vitamins are more or less vulnerable to destruction by environmental factors and chemicals. For example, thiamine is particularly vulnerable to prolonged heating, riboflavin with ultraviolet or fluorescent light, and vitamin C against oxidation (as when a piece of fruit is cut open and exposed to the vitamin of the air). In general, water-soluble vitamins are easily destroyed in cooking as a fat-soluble vitamins.

The solubility of a vitamin influences as it is absorbed, transported, stored, and excreted by the body and, where found in food. With the exception of vitamin B12, which is supplied only from foods of animal origin, the water-soluble vitamins are synthesized by plants and present in both plant and animal foods.

Strict vegetarians (vegans) who eat no foods of animal origin, and therefore run the risk of vitamin B 12 deficiency. Fat-vitamins, on the other hand, are provided in conjunction with fats and oils in foods and in the body and usually require protein carriers for transport through the water-filled chambers of the body.

Water-soluble vitamins are not appreciably stored in the body (except vitamin B12) and must therefore be included regularly in the diet. If they are in excess easily excreted in the urine, although potential toxicity even with water-soluble vitamins;. Particularly noteworthy in this context Vitamin B 6

Since fat-soluble vitamins in the liver and adipose tissue are stored, they are not necessarily taken in a day as long as average intakes in the Over time, weeks, months or even years to meet the needs of the body. However, increased by the fact that these vitamins can be stored, the possibility of toxicity if taken in very high doses. This is of particular concern with vitamins A and D, which can be toxic when in excess.

In certain circumstances, pharmacological (“megadose”) levels of some vitamins is many times higher than the amount typically accepted in foods have medicinal applications. Niacin , is used for example to lower blood cholesterol levels, vitamin D is used to treat psoriasis and pharmacological derivatives of vitamin A used for acne and other skin diseases and to treat reduce wrinkles . However, the consumption of vitamins or other dietary supplements in amounts significantly above the recommended values, not recommended without medical supervision.

vitamins are synthesized in the laboratory the same molecules as those extracted from food, and they can not be distinguished from the body. However, various forms of a vitamin is not necessarily equivalent. In the particular case of vitamin E, d-?-tocopherol supplements labeled (or “natural”) generally contain more vitamin E activity known as the dl-?-tocopherol. vitamins in the food supplement have a distinct advantage in the form of vitamins, since they are associated with other substances that may be useful, and there is less potential toxicity. Dietary supplements can not substitute for a healthy diet.

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